These are the provisions in the Coronavirus Bill that the Government are proposing. They are wide-ranging, some sensible and others which contain risks.
The UK government’s 
coronavirus action plan,
 published on 3 March, set out measures to respond to the COVID-19 
outbreak that are reasonable, proportionate and based on the latest 
scientific evidence. Specifically, it detailed:
- what we know about the virus and the disease it causes
- how we have planned for an infectious disease outbreak
- what we are planning to do next, depending on the course the coronavirus outbreak takes
- the role the public can play in supporting this response, now and in the future
The plan also includes information on the government’s 4-stage 
strategy: contain, delay, research, mitigate. It sets out advice for how
 the public should respond in each stage, including what to expect as 
the outbreak advances.
It also envisaged that changes to legislation might be necessary in 
order to give public bodies across the UK the tools and powers they need
 to carry out an effective response to this emergency. This paper sets 
out, subject to final approvals, the elements of the bill and the 
reasons why they are needed.
The development of an effective response to the epidemic requires a 
number of actions. Some of these involve the use of tools and powers 
that are set out in statute. The governments of the UK therefore 
resolved to review and where necessary amend the legislation, to ensure 
that the UK’s response is consistent and effective.
Some of the proposed changes therefore deal with easing the burden on
 frontline NHS and adult social care staff, some help staff by enabling 
them to work without financial penalty, and some support people and 
communities in taking care of themselves, their families and loved ones,
 and their wider community.
The legislation will be time-limited – for 2 years – and not all of 
these measures will come into force immediately. The bill allows the 4 
UK governments to switch on these new powers when they are needed, and, 
crucially, to switch them off again once they are no longer necessary, 
based on the advice of Chief Medical Officers of the 4 nations.
The measures in the coronavirus bill are temporary, proportionate to 
the threat we face, will only be used when strictly necessary and be in 
place for as long as required to respond to the situation.
We have worked closely with the devolved administrations to develop 
an effective package of measures to support frontline staff and 
individuals involved in this vital national response.
Contents of the bill
The bill enables action in 5 key areas:
- 
    increasing the available health and social care workforce – for 
example, by removing barriers to allow recently retired NHS staff and 
social workers to return to work (and in Scotland, in addition to 
retired people, allowing those who are on a career break or are social 
worker students to become temporary social workers)
 
- 
    easing the burden on frontline staff – by reducing the number of 
administrative tasks they have to perform, enabling local authorities to
 prioritise care for people with the most pressing needs, allowing key 
workers to perform more tasks remotely and with less paperwork, and 
taking the power to suspend individual port operations
 
- 
    containing and slowing the virus – by reducing unnecessary social
 contacts, for example through powers over events and gatherings, and 
strengthening the quarantine powers of police and immigration officers
 
- 
    managing the deceased with respect and dignity – by enabling the 
death management system to deal with increased demand for its services
 
- 
    supporting people – by allowing them to claim Statutory Sick Pay 
from day one, and by supporting the food industry to maintain supplies
 
The proposals set out in the bill will significantly enhance the 
ability of public bodies across the UK to provide an effective response 
to tackle this epidemic. We are therefore aiming for it to reach the 
statute book and begin to take effect from the end of this month. 
However, the provisions relating to Statutory Sick Pay are intended to 
have retrospective effect to 13 March.
Increasing the available health and social care workforce
Although we are implementing measures to save lives through delaying 
and flattening the peak of the epidemic, it is clear that the next few 
months will present a significant level of challenge for the NHS and 
anyone working in caring professions. As in all sectors, there will be 
pressures from increased staff absence, if staff are unwell or 
self-isolating with their households.
In addition to this, there will be increased numbers of people 
becoming ill with COVID-19 and some of these people will require medical
 treatment or need to be admitted to hospital. These additional patient 
volumes will place pressure on our NHS. To ensure the best possible 
level of care is provided to those most in need, we may need to take 
measures to increase the available health and social care workforce and 
reduce the number of admin tasks they have to perform so they have more 
time to spend with patients.
To support this, the bill seeks to:
- 
    enable regulators to emergency register suitable people as 
regulated healthcare professionals, such as nurses, midwives or 
paramedics. This might include (but will not be limited to) recently 
retired professionals and students who are near the end of their 
training. Registered staff can then be used appropriately, with 
decisions made on a local basis, to increase the available health and 
social care workforce and enable essential health and care services to 
function during the height of the epidemic
 
- 
    enable regulators to temporarily add social workers to their 
registers who may have recently left the profession. This will ensure 
vital continuity of care for vulnerable children and adults
 
- 
    enable employees and workers to take Emergency Volunteer Leave in
 blocks of 2, 3 or 4 weeks’ statutory unpaid leave and establish a 
UK-wide compensation fund to compensate for loss of earnings and 
expenses incurred at a flat rate for those who volunteer through an 
appropriate authority. This will ensure that volunteers do not suffer 
financial disadvantage as a result of performing a public good. 
Volunteers play a critical role in the delivery of health and social 
care services and are particularly important in caring for the most 
vulnerable in our society, such as the elderly, those with multiple 
long-term conditions or those suffering from mental ill-health
 
- 
    provide indemnity for clinical negligence liabilities arising 
from NHS activities carried out for the purposes of dealing with, or 
because of, the coronavirus outbreak, where there is no existing 
indemnity arrangement in place. This will ensure that those providing 
healthcare service activity across the UK are legally protected for the 
work they are required to undertake as part of the COVID-19 response. 
This is in line with and will complement existing arrangements
 
- 
    suspend the rule that currently prevents some NHS staff who 
return to work after retirement from working more than 16 hours per 
week, along with rules on abatements and drawn-down of NHS pensions that
 apply to certain retirees who return to work. This will allow skilled 
and experienced staff who have recently retired from the NHS to return 
to work, and also allow retired staff who have already returned to work 
to increase their commitments if required, without having their pension 
benefits suspended
 
Easing the burden on frontline staff, both within the NHS and beyond
In the NHS and in other sectors who undertake activities that are 
vital to keeping the country running safely and securely, we may also 
face particular increased pressures as a result of staff absence or 
increased work volumes. This could include those caring for children or 
in education, protecting our borders, detaining and treating people 
under the Mental Health Act, supporting local authorities and ensuring 
national security. By reducing the number of admin tasks they have to 
perform, allowing key workers to perform more tasks remotely and with 
less paperwork, we will enable these crucial services to continue to 
operate effectively during periods of reduced staffing.
To support this the bill seeks to:
- 
    enable existing mental health legislation powers to detain and 
treat patients who need urgent treatment for a mental health disorder 
and are a risk to themselves or others, to be implemented using just one
 doctor’s opinion (rather than the current 2). This will ensure that 
those who were a risk to themselves or others would still get the 
treatment they need, when fewer doctors are available to undertake this 
function
 
- 
    temporarily allow extension or removal of time limits in mental 
health legislation to allow for greater flexibility where services are 
less able to respond. These temporary changes would be brought in only 
in the instance that staff numbers were severely adversely affected 
during the pandemic period and provide some flexibility to help support 
the continued safe running of services under the Mental Health Act
 
- 
    allow NHS providers to delay undertaking the assessment process 
for NHS continuing healthcare for individuals being discharged from 
hospital until after the emergency period has ended
 
- 
    make changes to the Care Act 2014 in England and the Social 
Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 to enable local authorities to 
prioritise the services they offer in order to ensure the most urgent 
and serious care needs are met, even if this means not meeting 
everyone’s assessed needs in full or delaying some assessments. During a
 pandemic, a lot of people who work in health and social care could be 
off sick or may need to care for loved ones. This could mean that local 
authorities, which are responsible for social care, may not be able to 
do all the things they are usually required to do
 
Local authorities will still be expected to do as much as they can to
 comply with their duties to meet needs during this period and these 
amendments would not remove the duty of care they have towards an 
individual’s risk of serious neglect or harm.
These powers would only be used if demand pressures and workforce 
illness during the pandemic meant that local authorities were at 
imminent risk of failing to fulfil their duties and only last the 
duration of the emergency. It would ensure that local authorities will 
continue to be able to deliver the best possible care services during 
the peak and to protect the lives of the most vulnerable members of 
society.
- 
    temporarily relax local authorities’ duties in relation to their 
duties to conduct a needs assessment and prepare an adult carer support 
plan/young care statement under the Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968, the
 Children (Scotland) Act 1995, the Social Care (Self-directed Support) 
(Scotland) Act 2013 and the Carers (Scotland) Act 2016 to enable them to
 prioritise people with the greatest needs
 
- 
    provide powers to require educational institutions or childcare 
providers to stay open or relax some requirements around education 
legislation in order to help these institutions run effectively during 
the event of an emergency. This could include reducing teacher ratios, 
adapting school meal standards and relaxing provisions for those with 
special educational needs. This will ensure that children, young people 
and those who work with them remain safe, while minimising disruption to
 everyday life and progression to further and higher education or 
employment by ensuring schools have the flexibility and support they 
need to respond pragmatically to the changing situation
 
- 
    enable the Home Secretary to request that port and airport 
operators temporarily close and suspend operations if Border Force staff
 shortages result in a real and significant threat to the UK’s border 
security. This is to ensure the UK can maintain adequate border security
 throughout the pandemic and protect the public from the threat of 
criminality or importation of prohibited items that could result from an
 inadequately controlled border. This would only be used in extremis, 
where necessary and proportionate, and any direction will be kept to the
 minimum period necessary to maintain the security of the UK border
 
- 
    expand availability of video and audio link in court proceedings.
 This would include magistrates’ court hearings taking place by phone or
 by video, should an individual appeal restriction of movement due to 
quarantine measures. This will ensure that an appeal takes place but 
will not require a person to break quarantine in order to attend in 
person.  It will also enable the expansion of the availability of video 
and audio link in various criminal proceedings, including full video and
 audio hearings in certain circumstances, and public participation in 
relation to these and other court and tribunal proceedings conducted by 
audio and video. The measures will enable a wider range of proceedings 
to be carried out by video, so that courts can continue to function and 
remain open to the public, without the need for participants to attend 
in person. This will give judges more options for avoiding adjournments 
and keeping business moving through the courts to help reduce delays in 
the administration of justice and alleviate the impact on families, 
victims, witnesses and defendants
 
- 
    ensure that the Treasury can transact its business at all times, 
by making it possible for a single commissioner or a single Treasury 
minister to sign instruments and act on behalf of the commissioners, 
during a COVID-19 emergency period. Under current rules, where any 
instrument or act is required to be signed by the Commissioners of Her 
Majesty’s Treasury, it must be signed by 2 or more of the commissioners.
 This change will ensure that the Treasury can transact its business at 
all times during a COVID-19 emergency period, should commissioners be 
unable to fulfil their duty
 
- 
    allow temporary judicial commissioners (JCs) to be appointed at 
the request of the Investigatory Powers Commissioner, in the event that 
there are insufficient JCs available to operate the system under the 
Investigatory Powers Act 2016. This is the one of the critical pieces of
 domestic legislation for national security. It creates the statutory 
basis for the use of the investigatory powers by the intelligence and 
law enforcement agencies, using warrants issued under the act. These 
warrants provide the agencies with the capability they need to protect 
national security and investigate and prevent serious crime.
 
 The Home 
Secretary, again at the request of the Investigatory Powers 
Commissioner, will also be allowed to vary the time allowed for urgent 
warrants to be reviewed by a JC and how long they can last before they 
need to be reviewed. The maximum time allowed for a review will be 
increased to a maximum of 12 days (up from the current 3 days). 
Maintaining national security capabilities at a time of potential 
widespread upheaval is critical and it is necessary to ensure that the 
powers to vary specific aspects of the regime are available to the 
government should they be deemed necessary, for example if there are 
fewer JCs available than usual.
 
Delaying and slowing the virus
The government’s objective is to delay and flatten the peak of the 
epidemic by bringing forward the right measures at the right time, so 
that we minimise suffering and save lives. To slow the virus, we will 
need people to reduce unnecessary social contacts, which, for periods of
 time, may mean preventing gatherings of people, postponing electoral 
events over the course of the year or closing schools, further or high 
education premises or childcare providers. This will help mitigate the 
risk to public health arising from such mass gatherings.
This will happen only where necessary, to help minimise disruption to
 everyday life and progression of children and young people to further 
and higher education or employment. The measures would only be put in 
place for the period of time required to mitigate the effects of the 
COVID-19 pandemic.
To support this, the bill seeks to:
- 
    enable the government to restrict or prohibit events and 
gatherings during the pandemic in any place, vehicle, train, vessel or 
aircraft, any movable structure and any offshore installation and, where
 necessary, to close premises
 
- 
    provide a temporary power to close educational establishments or childcare providers
 
- 
    postpone the local, mayoral and Police and Crime Commissioner 
elections that were due to take place in England in May this year until 
May 2021. Provision will also be made to postpone other electoral events
 over the course of the year (such as by-elections)
 
It’s also important that all UK countries have equivalent legal 
measures in place to delay or prevent further transmission of the virus,
 to ensure consistency across the whole UK. For example, removing a 
current restriction in how Scottish territorial Health Boards can 
deliver vaccination programmes would mean that, when a vaccine becomes 
available, it can reach as many people as possible. To support this, the
 bill seeks to:
- 
    enable the departments of health in Northern Ireland and Scotland
 to make regulations for additional measures to be introduced to help 
them delay or prevent further transmission of COVID-19. Equivalent 
powers already exist in England and Wales and these provisions would 
bring them in line with the rest of the UK
 
- 
    remove a restriction in how Scottish territorial Health Boards 
can deliver vaccination programmes so a wider range of healthcare 
professionals in Scotland would be able to administer a vaccine.
 
Public support and compliance is crucial and we are grateful for the 
flexibility people have shown, but we need to ensure police and 
immigration officers have the authority to enforce these measures where 
necessary.  Therefore, the bill will enable the police and immigration 
officers to detain a person, for a limited period, who is, or may be, 
infectious and to take them to a suitable place to enable screening and 
assessment.
Managing the deceased with respect and dignity
The steps the government is taking to respond to the COVID-19 
pandemic will save lives. However, sadly, as has already been seen, 
people will lose loved ones as a result of this disease. We want to 
ensure the deceased are treated with the utmost respect and dignity and 
that the current procedures in relation to death and still-birth 
registration and management are modified to enable this and to protect 
public health. This will take account of the fact that families who have
 lost a loved one may be self-isolating, and that there may be reduced 
capacity to register and manage deaths as a result of pandemic-related 
sickness absence.
The bill intends to make changes to:
- 
    mean a coroner is only to be notified where a doctor believes 
there is no medical practitioner who may sign the death certificate, or 
that they are not available within a reasonable time of the death
 
- 
    introduce powers to enable the provisions under the Burial and 
Cremation (Scotland) Act 2016 relating to the collection of ashes to be 
suspended and replaced with a duty to retain until the suspension is 
lifted, except where family wishes are known. Also, suspend an offence 
in section 49 of the 2016 Act, allowing any relative of the deceased to 
complete the cremation application form, regardless of the required 
hierarchy set out by section 65 of the 2016 Act
 
- 
    expand the list of people who can register a death to include funeral directors acting on behalf of the family
 
- 
    enable electronic transmission of documents that currently have 
to be physically presented in order to certify the registration of a 
death
 
- 
    remove the need for a second confirmatory medical certificate in order for a cremation to take place
 
- 
    remove the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 requirement that any 
inquest into a COVID-19 death must be held with a jury. Other notifiable
 diseases will still require an inquest with a jury
 
- 
    suspend the referral of certificates to the Death Certification 
Review Service (DCRS) for review in Scotland under the Certification of 
Death (Scotland) Act 2011. The timing of the suspension to be at the 
discretion of Scottish ministers
 
If the scientific advice indicates that the number of people who 
might die from COVID-19 is likely to significantly exceed the capacity 
locally to manage the deceased and other contingency measures have been 
deployed, local government will have the ability to take control of a 
component or components of the death management process in their area.
For example, local authorities may choose to direct local actors such
 as funeral directors, mortuaries owners, crematoriums owners and 
others, to streamline the death management process. This may include an 
increase in the operating times of crematoriums, directing companies to 
use their vehicles to move bodies, or directing others not directly 
involved in the funeral sector, to provide necessary support.
Only in the most extreme situations where there is a risk to public 
health would the powers of direction be used and only be used when 
scientific evidence and operational advice suggests that it is 
necessary. Activating the powers will ensure the local death management 
system continues to work effectively to protect public health and the 
dignity of the deceased. Personal choice will be respected as far as 
possible, especially in regard to how we handle loved ones after they 
have passed.
Protecting and supporting people
We are asking people to stay at home if they have a high temperature 
or a new and continuous cough, or if anyone in their household has one 
of those 2 symptoms. In the event of a wider outbreak of COVID-19, the 
number of people that would be off work would increase significantly. 
This would include those that were displaying-virus like symptoms and 
those who were self-isolating as a precautionary measure.
We want to ensure the Statutory Sick Pay (SSP) provisions support 
people in complying with this request and that they have retrospective 
effect from 13 March 2020. By ensuring that people receive SSP from the 
first day that they are off work, we will ensure that those who are 
unwell or have been instructed to self-isolate can do so without the 
fear of losing pay. This will be an important measure in the event of a 
severe outbreak. By refunding small businesses, we hope to alleviate the
 significant financial burden on employers through increased SSP costs.
The bill is therefore seeking to:
- 
    give the government the power to temporarily suspend the rule 
that means SSP is not paid for the first 3 days of work that you miss 
because of sickness. These days are known as waiting days. Lifting this 
rule will enable us to respond quickly to an outbreak
 
- 
    enable employers with fewer than 250 employees to reclaim SSP 
paid for sickness absences relating to coronavirus during the period of 
the outbreak. This is because the government wants to ensure that 
businesses are supported to deal with the temporary economic impacts of 
an outbreak of coronavirus
 
- 
    require industry to provide information about food supplies, in 
the event that an industry partner does not co-operate with our current 
voluntary information-sharing arrangements during a period of potential 
disruption