Guest post by local historian Philip Grant
Wembley
Park for sale! (in 1829)
One of the joys of sharing stories you know about
local history is when that leads to you finding out things you didn’t know! A
series of articles I wrote for “Wembley Matters” during lockdown about the history of Fryent Country Park “uncovered” a Cold War bunker at Gotfords Hill, and an article on the Welsh Harp Reservoir led to the identification of a Victorian steeplechase course at Bush Farm.
In October, Martin drew my attention to a new comment
on The Wembley Park Story, Part 2, written in 2020. A man who was cataloguing a collection, which
included the sale particulars for an auction of the Wembley Park estate in
1829, asked whether I would be interested in seeing the document? I contacted
him to say “Yes please”! Now I can share with you some of the amazing details
of what Wembley Park was like nearly 200 years ago, thanks to the “Particulars”
prepared by Mr Christie (James Christie the Younger, who in 1803 had inherited
the auction business set up by his father in 1766).
The first part of the detailed Particulars of
the Wembley Park estate. (All extracts courtesy of
the RICS)
The Lodge at the entrance to the Park is still
there, at the corner of Wembley Park Drive, but is “at risk” and awaiting
restoration after a fire in 2013. The original drive curved round to the right,
before arriving at the Mansion ‘almost re-built within the last fifteen
years by the late proprietor, who then expended about £14,000 upon the same.’ John
Gray, a wealthy brandy merchant and Freeman of the City of London, who bought
the estate in 1804, had spent the equivalent of £1.3m on his new home between
1811 and 1814.
1814 was the year that Jane Austen’s “Mansfield
Park” was published, and if you’ve watched film or TV versions of her novels,
you’ve probably seen some stylish Regency mansions in those productions. The
interior of the mansion in the auction would have been similar. You enter the
front door, under a Doric portico, into a ‘Hall paved with Portland-stone,
with small diamonds of black marble.’ It probably looked something like
this:
The entrance hall of a Georgian or Regency
mansion. (Image from the internet)
After describing several rooms off of the hall, ‘a
Gentleman’s Study or Library’, a billiard room and ‘a Dressing-Room, and
a Water-Closet’ (“all mod cons”, even 200 years ago!), the Particulars move
on to describe ‘the Principal Range of Apartments’:
Although the photograph below was taken around 50
years after the auction, the Wembley Park mansion does not appear to have
changed much during that time. Nearest the camera on the ground floor is the
single-storey Saloon, linked to the bow-fronted Drawing Room, and beyond that
the Dining Room, also with a bow window. Above on the first floor are ‘two
elegant bow-windowed bed-chambers’. All of ‘this elegant range of
apartments looks towards the open scenery of the Park.’
The Wembley Park mansion, c.1880. (Brent Archives – Wembley History Society Collection)
The rooms on the ground and first floors were tall
and elegant. On the second floor the ‘Housemaid’s Closets, and one large and
one smaller Servants’ bedroom’ had much less headroom. But a mansion this
large needed far more servants than that. The rest were housed, along with
their places of work, in ‘the Attached Offices’ (while we’re all
familiar with what an office is, one old definition of the plural, offices, is
‘the kitchens and outhouses of a mansion.’)
We saw that the Dining Room had a separate entrance
door, via a lobby, from the Kitchen in an adjoining building, with ‘steam-pipes
,,, laid from the kitchen to the back of the sideboard’, where the food
would be kept warm for serving members of the household and their guests. As
well as food there was plenty of drink, kept in an ‘outer and inner
Wine-Cellar, with Catacombs’, and ‘an outer and three inner
Beer-Cellars’, the beer from their own ‘Brew-house’.
Christmas dinner in a wealthy Regency home. (Image from the internet)
You can read what else the “Offices” include, in
the court yard, stable yard and farm yard, which would help to make the estate
and its staff largely self-contained community, as long as its owner had
sufficient wealth. The farm produced a variety of meat and milk, while vegetables
and fruit came from the walled garden, which included ‘a Grapery, Pinery
[hothouse for growing pineapples] Green-House, and a Peachery.’ There
was also ‘a Large Basin of Water’.
We might call that “basin of water” an artificial
pond, which had pipes from it to “the Offices”, for the servants and all their
uses. “Squire” John Gray and his family in the mansion were ‘supplied with
the finest Spring Water, from a Well, dug at great expense’! And the “basin
of water” also had another use. During the winter, whenever it froze over,
estate workers would break up the ice and carry it into the nearby woodland, to
be stored in ‘a well-constructed large Ice-House’.
The ice house at Harewood House, Yorkshire. (Image from the internet)
Any self-respecting wealthy landowner in the 18th
or 19th century would have had an ice house on their estate. It was
a building, usually with a brick-lined pit inside, dug into the ground, into
which ice was placed during winter. The ice was covered with straw, which kept
it frozen for use in the kitchens, to keep food fresh or in making ice cream,
in the summer. Wembley Park’s ice house had a thick thatched roof, to help with
insulation.
The Particulars go on to describe “The Park”, ‘a
fine Demesne of two hundred and seventy-two acres of productive Grass Land’.
The stream running through it was described as the River Brent, but was
actually the Wealdstone Brook. There were 182 acres on the ‘hither side of
the Brent’ and 44 acres called ‘Well Springs, beyond the Brent’. [If
you’ve ever wondered how Chalkhill’s Wellsprings Crescent got its name, that’s
probably the answer.] There were also 25 acres of timber plantations, an 8-acre
horse paddock, two small meadows and an ‘Ozier Ground’. The osier beds, beside
the brook, were for growing willow stems, for basket weaving.
Extract from the 1834 Shuttleworth plan of
Wembley Park estate, with coloured details added.
(From a copy of the plan at Brent Archives)
Mr Christie’s Particulars did not include a map,
but another attempt to sell Wembley Park, by Mr Shuttleworth in 1834, did
include a plan of the estate. On the map above, the roads on the left are now
Forty Avenue and Wembley Hill Road (you can just see the cross roads where they
meet at East Lane). Near the bottom of the map, the Lodge and ice house are
marked. Does the brick-lined pit still exist, perhaps under a garden in Park
Chase?
As well as the features within “The Park”, there
were 47 acres of fields on the other side of the [Wembley Hill] road, including
‘Public-House Field’, presumably behind the “Green Man”. There were also
‘three Brick-Built Cottages, and two weather-boarded and tiled ditto, in the
occupation of sundry Tenants’. Those cottages may still exist, in High
Street and by the steep path from there to the “Green Man”.
Last, but not least, was the ‘compact
Brick-Built Dwelling’ described above. This was “Wembley Cottage” (some
cottage!), which was also known locally as the Dower House, because John Gray’s
widow (nearly 30 years his junior) lived there until her death in 1854. It
actually survived until about the time of the First World War, renamed
“Hillcrest”, at the corner of Wembley Hill Road and Manor Drive. And Manor
Drive got its name because the road had been built by developers over the site
of the Wembley Park mansion, which was demolished in 1908.
Details of Mr Christie’s auction, from the
cover of the Particulars document.
I’ve mentioned that there was another auction in
1834, five years after Mr Christie’s sale. On both occasions the estate failed
to sell, and the Gray family continued to live at Wembley Park until after the
death of John Gray’s son, the Rev. John Edward Gray, in 1887. The most likely
reason for the auctions not being successful is that John Gray’s Executors had
set the reserve price too high.
Extract from page 3 of the Particulars, with
hand-written figures in the margin.
What was that reserve price? We don’t know, as some
of the Christie’s archive records were lost in 1941, when their offices were
hit by an incendiary bomb. But there is a clue to the bidding on the copy of
the Particulars now in the collection at the Royal Institution of Chartered
Surveyors. From hand-written figures in the margin, it appears that the
document’s original owner was at the auction, and noted down the bidding. It opened
at £20,000, then went up in stages to £27,000, then more slowly to a final
figure of £27,600. That figure in 1829 would be equivalent to around £3.5
million today!
The Wembley Park estate was not sold until 1889,
for £32,929 18s 7d (equivalent to around £5m today). But thanks to whoever
saved the document in 1829, and the man who donated it to the Auctioneers’
Institute in 1903, we have a detailed picture of what it was like 200 years
ago. Because (to borrow from an old advert) Mr Christie made exceedingly good
Particulars.
I’ve prepared a full facsimile copy of the Wembley
Park auction Particulars, with an introductory note, which should be available
in the “Archive copies” section of the Wembley local history page on the Brent
Archives website in the near future.
Philip Grant.
